Health Care
Colorado can keep its ban on conversion therapy for minors
Colorado can keep enforcing its ban on conversion therapy for minors after a federal appeals court held the law targets licensed treatment, not speech alone. First Amendment challenges continue.
Colorado’s ban on conversion therapy for minors remains in force after the Tenth Circuit said the state is regulating professional conduct, even when that conduct includes speech. The ruling strengthens Colorado’s defense against First Amendment challenges and follows the same basic approach used by the Ninth Circuit.
- Colorado’s ban on conversion therapy for minors stays in place.
- The court said licensed therapy is regulated treatment, not speech alone.
- The panel joined the Ninth Circuit on the same core theory.
- The ruling narrows one route for First Amendment challenges to professional licensing rules.
- Colorado can keep barring licensed therapists from practicing conversion therapy on minors, the Tenth Circuit said, because the law reaches professional conduct even when that conduct happens through words
Colorado can keep barring licensed therapists from practicing conversion therapy on minors, the Tenth Circuit said, because the law reaches professional conduct even when that conduct happens through words. For families looking for mental-health care, the practical result is simple: the state still gets to decide that this kind of treatment is off-limits inside its licensed system.
The court framed the counseling setting as something different from ordinary conversation. That matters because First Amendment protections are strongest when the government is regulating speech itself, not when it is policing how licensed professionals treat patients.
Treatment, not a private chat
The panel put its point in plain language: “Talk therapy is a treatment, not an informal conversation among friends.” On that view, a law prohibiting licensed therapists from practicing conversion therapies on minors is a regulation on conduct that only incidentally involves speech.
That distinction is doing most of the work. If the state is regulating a professional service, the court said, the speech used in that service does not automatically get the same constitutional status as speech standing alone. The panel said it was joining the Ninth Circuit in taking that approach.
For Colorado counselors, that leaves the central rule intact. For minors and their parents, it means the state can still draw a boundary around what a licensed provider may do in the course of treatment.
A broader line for professional speech
The decision reaches beyond one state’s ban. By treating conversion therapy for minors as regulated professional conduct, the Tenth Circuit gives more weight to the idea that licensing rules can limit what therapists do without turning every professional restriction into a free-speech case.
That matters because other states and licensing boards face the same question: when does counseling become speech that the Constitution protects, and when is it treatment the state can regulate? Here, the court answered that therapy for minors falls on the regulated-treatment side of the line.